Notes to the Financial Statements
(Continued)
ৌਕజ
ڝڌ
ൗ
ᚃ
3. Financial riskmanagement
(Continued)
(a) Financial risk factors
(Continued)
3.
ৌਕࠬᎈ၍ଣ
（續）
(a)
財務風險因素
（續）
(iii) Currency risk
The Group’s financial assets and liabilities are substantially
denominated in Hong Kong dollar, the Group’s functional and
presentation currency, and hence will not be exposed to significant
currency risk.
(b) Fair values estimation
(i)
Financial assets carried at fair values
The Group’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value are
categorised by level of the following fair value measurement
hierarchy:
Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1
that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
(that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from
prices).
Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on
observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs).
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets is
based on quoted market prices at the reporting date. A market is
regarded as active if quoted prices are readily and regularly
available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing
service, or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and
regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.
These instruments are included in level 1. None of the instruments
of the Group is included in level 1.
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an
active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is
determined by using valuation techniques. These valuation
techniques maximise the use of observable market data where it is
available and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates. If
all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are
observable, the instrument is included in level 2. None of the
instruments of the Group is included in level 2.
(iii)
貨幣風險
集團財務資產及負債大體上都以港元為單位，
即集團的功能及呈列貨幣，故沒有重大的貨幣
風險。
(b)
公允價值估計
(i)
按公允價值列賬的財務資產
集團以公允價值計量的金融工具按以下公允
價值的計量架構進行分類：
第一層 － 相同資產或負債於活躍市場之報價
（未經調整）
第二層 － 除了第一層所包括的報價以外，該資
產或負債的可觀察的其他輸入，可為
直接（即價格）或間接（即源自價格）
第三層 － 資產或負債並不是根據可觀察市場數
據的輸入（即不可觀察輸入）
在活躍市場交易的金融工具的公允價值根據報
告日的市場報價列賬。當報價可即時和定期從
證劵交易市場、交易商、經紀、業內人士、報
價服務機構或監管代理獲得，而該等報價代表
按公平交易基準進行的真實和常規市場交易，
該市場被視為活躍。這些工具屬於第一層。醫
管局並無屬於第一層的工具。
沒有在活躍市場交易的金融工具
(
例如場外衍生
工具
)
的公允價值利用估值技術釐定。估值技術
盡量利用可觀察市場數據
(
如有
)
，盡量少依賴主
體的特定估計。如計算一項金融工具公允價值
所需的所有重大輸入為可觀察數據，這些工具
屬於第二層。醫管局並無屬於第二層的工具。
113
ᔼ৫၍ଣ҅ϋజ
2013-2014
